WRITING BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
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When balancing equations, there needs to be the same number of Atoms of each Element on either side of the equation:
- Work across the equation from left to right, checking one Element after another
- If there is a Group of Atoms (such as Nitrate group, NO3), which has not changed from one side to the other, then count the whole Groups, rather than counting the individual Atoms
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USING STATE SYMBOLS:
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State symbols are written after formulae in chemical equations to show which physical state each substance is in:
SOLID
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LIQUID
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GAS
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AQUEOUS
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(s)
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(l)
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(g)
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(aq)
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Example 1:
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Aluminium (s) + Copper (II) Oxide (s) → Aluminium Oxide (s) + Copper (s)
UNBALANCED SYMBOL EQUATION: Al + CuO → Al2O3 + Cu
2Al + CuO → Al2O3 + Cu
2Al + 3CuO → Al2O3 + Cu
2Al + 3CuO → Al2O3 + 3Cu
The Equation is Now Balanced
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Example 2:
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Magnesium Oxide (s) + Nitric Acid (aq) → Magnesium Nitrate (aq) + Water (l)
UNBALANCED SYMBOL EQUATION: MgO + HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O
MgO + HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O
MgO + HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O
MgO + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O
The Equation is Now Balanced
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