Sunday, July 9, 2017

2.16: Understand How Metals can be Arranged in a Reactivity Series Based on their Displacement Reactions Between: Metals and Metal Oxides, Metals and Aqueous Solutions of Metal Salts



DISPLACEMENT REACTION: A Reaction in Which a More Reactive Metal Replaces a Less Reactive One
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REACTIVITY SERIES:

METAL
ABBREVIATION
MOST REACTIVE

POTASSIUM
                P - Please
SODIUM
                S - Send
LITHIUM
                L - Lions,
CALCIUM
                C - Cats,
MAGNESIUM
                M - Monkeys,
ALUMINIUM
                A - And
CARBON
                C - Cute
ZINC
                Z - Zebras
IRON
                I - Into
HYDROGEN
                H - Hot
COPPER
                C - Countries
SILVER
                S - Signed
GOLD
                G - Gordon
LEAST REACTIVE

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ARRANGEMENT OF REACTIVITY SERIES BASED ON DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS BETWEEN METAL OXIDES AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF METAL SALTS
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Reactivity of Metals increases as you go up the Reactivity Series, therefore a Metal will only displace another Metal that is below it in the Reactivity Series

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*REDUCING METAL OXIDES:
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A Metal Oxide can be reduced by heating it with a Metal (the reducing agent) higher in the Reactivity Series
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DEFINITIONS:


TERM
DEFINITION
METAL OXIDE
Compound of a Metal and Oxygen
REDUCTION
When Oxygen is removed from compound
REDUCING AGENT
Substance that carries out reduction
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Example: Copper (II) Oxide


Copper (II) Oxide can be reduced by heating it with Magnesium. As Magnesium is above Copper in the Reactivity Series, Magnesium is more reactive so can displace Copper:
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 CuO (s)     +     Mg (s)      →     Cu (s)     +     MgO (s)
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*Reducing agent in this reaction is Magnesium
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Other Common Reactions:


MIXTURE
PRODUCTS
EQUATION FOR REACTION
Iron (III) Oxide and Aluminium
Iron and Aluminium Oxide
Fe2O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2O3
Sodium Oxide and Magnesium
No Reaction
-
Silver Oxide and Copper
Silver and Copper (II) Oxide
Ag2O + Cu → 2Ag + CuO
Zinc Oxide and Calcium
Zinc and Calcium Oxide
 ZnO + Ca → Zn + CaO
Lead (II) Oxide and Silver
No Reaction
-


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*DISPLACEMENT OF METALS FROM THEIR SALTS:
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Any Metal will displace another Metal from a solution of one of its salts if it is below it in the Reactivity Series
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Example: Zinc and Copper (II) Sulfate Solution
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As Zinc is above Copper in the Reactivity Series, Zinc is more reactive so can displace Copper from Copper (II) Sulfate Solution:
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 Zn (s)     +     CuSO4 (aq)      →     ZnSO4 (aq)     +     Cu (s)
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Other Common Reactions:
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MIXTURE
PRODUCTS
EQUATION FOR REACTION
Magnesium and Iron (II) Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate and Iron
Mg + FeSO4 → MgSO4 + Fe
Zinc and Sodium Chloride
No Reaction
-
Lead and Silver Nitrate
Lead (II) Nitrate and Silver
Pb + 2AgNO3 → Pb (NO3)2 + 2Ag
Copper and Calcium Chloride
No Reaction
-
Iron and Copper (II) Sulfate
Iron (II) Sulfate and Copper
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

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