REACTIVITY SERIES:
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METAL
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METHOD OF EXTRACTION
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MOST REACTIVE
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EXTRACTED BY ELECTROLYSIS OF THE
MOLTEN CHLORIDE OR MOLTEN OXIDE
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POTASSIUM
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SODIUM
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LITHIUM
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CALCIUM
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MAGNESIUM
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ALUMINIUM
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CARBON
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ZINC
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EXTRACTED BY HEATING WITH A
REDUCING AGENT SUCH AS CARBON OR
CARBON MONOXIDE IN A BLAST FURNACE
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IRON
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HYDROGEN
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COPPER
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SILVER
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FOUND AS PURE ELEMENTS
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GOLD
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LEAST REACTIVE
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CARBON EXTRACTION (FOR ELEMENTS BELOW CARBON):
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CARBON EXTRACTION OF IRON
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Diagram showing the Carbon Extraction of Iron
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RAW MATERIALS: Iron Ore (Haematite), Coke, Limestone and Air
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EXPLANATION:
Iron Ore, Coke and Limestone are mixed together and fed into the top of the blast furnace, while hot Air is blasted into the bottom of the blast furnace
Oxygen in the Air reacts with the Coke to form Carbon Monoxide:
Carbon Dioxide reacts with Coke to form Carbon Monoxide:
Carbon Monoxide reduces the Iron (III) Oxide in the Iron Ore to form Iron, which will melt and collect at the bottom of the furnace, where it is tapped off:
Calcium Carbonate in Limestone decomposes to form calcium Oxide:
Calcium Oxide reacts with Silicon Dioxide - which is an impurity in the Iron Ore, to form Calcium Silicate which melts and collects as molten slag on top of the molten Iron and is tapped off separately:
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ELECTROLYSIS EXTRACTION (FOR ELEMENTS ABOVE CARBON):
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EXTRACTION OF ALUMINIUM BY ELECTROLYSIS
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Diagram showing the Extraction of Aluminium by Electrolysis
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RAW MATERIALS: Aluminium Ore (Bauxite)
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EXPLANATION:
Bauxite is purified to produce Aluminium Oxide Al2O3
Aluminium Oxide has a very high melting point so is dissolved in molten Cryolite to form a electrolyte with a lower melting point, as well as a better conductor of electricity than Molten Aluminium Oxide
Reaction at the Negative Electrode:
Aluminium melts and collects at the bottom of the cell and is tapped off:
Reaction at the Positive Electrode:
Some of Oxygen produced at the positive electrode then reacts with the Graphite (Carbon) to produce Carbon Dioxide Gas:
*This means that the positive electrode gradually burns away and needs to be replaced at regular intervals
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Carbon and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide not monoxide.
ReplyDeleteReally appreciate the blog its a huge help.
can actually form carbon monoxide
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