Sunday, July 9, 2017

2.37: Describe the Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid, Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid with Metals, Bases and Metal Carbonates (Excluding the Reactions Between Nitric Acid and Metals) to Form Salts



REACTING ACIDS WITH METALS
s
Only Metals above Hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with Dilute Acids to form a Salt and Hydrogen Gas:



Acid    +    Metal   →    Salt    +    Hydrogen

s
Examples of Reaction Between Acids and Metals:


ACID
NAME OF PRODUCTS
EQUATION FOR REACTION

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Metal Chloride and Hydrogen

x   +   2HCl   →   xCl2   +   H2

SULFURIC ACID

Metal Sulfate and Hydrogen

x   +   H2SO4   →   xSO4   +   H2
s

s

REACTING ACIDS WITH BASES (ALKALIS)
s
Acids will react with Bases - all Metal Oxides and Metal Hydroxides, in a neutralisation reaction to produce a Salt and Water:



Acid    +    Base   →    Salt    +    Water

s
Examples of Reaction Between Acids and Bases:


ACID
NAME OF PRODUCTS
EQUATION FOR REACTION

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Metal Chloride and Water

xOH   +   HCl   →   xCl   +   H2O

SULFURIC ACID

Metal Sulfate and Water

xO   +   H2SO4   →   xSO4   +   H2O

NITRIC ACID

Metal Nitrate and Water

x(OH)2  +  HNO3  →  x(NO3)2  +  2H2O
s

s
REACTING ACIDS WITH METAL CARBONATES
s
Acids will React with Metal Carbonates to form Salts, Carbon Dioxide and Water:



Acid    +    Metal Carbonate   →    Salt    +    Carbon Dioxide    +    Water

s
Examples of Reaction Between Acids and Bases:

ACID
NAME OF PRODUCTS
EQUATION FOR REACTION

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Metal Chloride, Carbon Dioxide and Water

xCO3   +   2HCl   →   xCl2      +   CO2   +   H2O

SULFURIC ACID

Metal Sulfate, Carbon Dioxide and Water

xCO3   +   H2SO4   →   xSO4   +   CO2   +   H2O

NITRIC ACID

Metal Nitrate, Carbon Dioxide and Water

xCO3  +  HNO3  →  x(NO3)2  +   CO2   +   H2O

4 comments:

  1. oh bruh i cannot be bothered to learn all those :(

    ReplyDelete
  2. everyone, in the reaction between sulfuric acid and bases, there is an H missing so it should be :
    xOH + H2SO4 = xSO4 + H2O

    ReplyDelete
  3. no offence to your blog, which I've found very useful, but there is a much easier to understand version on this website https://www.tutormyself.com/edexcel-igcse-2017chem-237/

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks so much that's really helpful. I think I'll use both... haha

      Delete